Sleep Differences Between Women and Men Have Implications for Treating Disorders, Review Finds

A recent review by researchers from the University of Southampton, Stanford University, and Harvard University, published in Sleep Medicine Reviews, highlights significant sleep differences between women and men. The findings suggest that these variations have important implications for treating sleep-related disorders.

According to the review, women are more likely to suffer from insomnia and have lower sleep quality compared to men. Women's circadian rhythms also tend to run earlier than men's, which can lead to sleep disruptions and worse health outcomes. On the other hand, men are more prone to sleep apnea and tend to overeat with a higher risk of Type 2 diabetes when sleep-deprived, especially among shift workers.

Why this matters: Understanding gender differences in sleep and circadian biology is crucial for effectively treating sleep disorders. Historically, biomedical research often excluded women or failed to account for gender-specific factors, assuming sleep patterns were neutral.

The researchers attribute these sleep differences to hormonal factors, with progesterone and estrogen playing critical roles in regulating sleep patterns. "Women's brains also tend to be more engaged in multitasking, leading to a greater need for recovery through sleep, approximately 20 minutes more than men," the review states. Insufficient sleep can have serious health consequences for women, including increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and fertility issues.

The review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of gender differences in sleep and circadian biology. "Historically, biomedical research on sleep often excluded women due to concerns about hormonal events like menstruation and menopause," the researchers noted. Improving sleep quality through strategies like maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a sleep-conducive environment, and managing stress can lead to significant improvements in women's health and well-being.

Key Takeaways

• Women report lower sleep quality and higher insomnia rates than men.
• Men have higher risk of sleep apnea and diabetes from sleep deprivation.
• Hormonal factors like progesterone and estrogen influence sleep patterns.
• Women's brains engage more in multitasking, requiring more sleep recovery.
• Improving sleep quality can significantly benefit women's health and well-being.