Portugal Celebrates 50 Years of Democracy Amid Far-Right Resurgence Concerns

Portugal marked the 50th anniversary of the Carnation Revolution on April 25, 2024, celebrating five decades of liberal democracy since the bloodless coup that ended the authoritarian regime of Marcelo Caetano in 1974. The revolution, named after the carnation flowers worn by the revolutionaries, paved the way for the establishment of a democratic government, with the country holding its first free elections in 1975.

However, as the nation celebrates this milestone, concerns are growing about a potentialfar-right resurgence. The country's recent general election on March 10 saw the far-right Chega party, led by André Ventura, win over 18% of the vote, increasing its parliamentary seats from 12 to 50. The centre-right Democratic Alliance, led by the Social Democratic Party (PSD), won almost 29% of the vote and 80 seats but fell short of an absolute majority. The Socialist Party scored only 28% and 78 seats, a significant decline from its absolute majority in 2022.

Why this matters: The rise of far-right parties in Portugal and other European countries has significant implications for the continent's political landscape and the values of liberal democracy. If left unchecked, the growing influence of far-right ideologies could undermine the progress made in promoting diversity, inclusion, and human rights over the past five decades.

Chega, formed in 2019 by Ventura, a former sports pundit and PSD member, has been criticized for its leader's hostile stance towards minorities and same-sex marriage. Despite this, Ventura claims his views are part of his "commitment to the values of Portuguese social democracy." The party has received significant financial support from influential business figures and disproportionate media attention.

The election results have raised concerns about the growing influence of the far-right in Portugal, particularly among the younger generation. A recent survey found that 40% of Portuguese citizens believe the country is heading in the wrong direction, with many citing economic concerns and immigration as key issues. The Socialist Party's decision to rule out an alliance with the right means that the country may be heading towards a period of political instability.

Critics argue that the far-right's growing influence threatens Portugal's democratic values. "The far-right is trying to take advantage of people's fears and anxieties," said Maria João Rodrigues, a Portuguese politician and academic. Despite the concerns, Portugal is celebrating its 50 years of liberal democracy with a series of events and ceremonies. President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa has called for unity and warned against the dangers of extremism, stating, "We must be aware of the risks of extremism and populism, which can undermine our democratic institutions."

The rise of the far-right in Portugal is particularly significant given the country's history of fascist rule under António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcello Caetano. The general election saw a turnout of nearly 60%, the highest since 2005, indicating a high level of political engagement among the Portuguese population. As the country navigates this new political landscape, it remains to be seen how the growing influence of the far-right will shape Portugal's future and its commitment to the democratic values established by the Carnation Revolution five decades ago.

Key Takeaways

• Portugal marks 50th anniversary of Carnation Revolution, celebrating 5 decades of liberal democracy.
• Far-right Chega party wins 18% of vote, increasing parliamentary seats from 12 to 50.
• Rise of far-right parties in Portugal and Europe threatens liberal democracy and human rights.
• 40% of Portuguese citizens believe country is heading in wrong direction, citing economic concerns and immigration.
• President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa warns against extremism and populism, calling for unity.